Essay about greek and roman art history - 517 Words

Greek Empire (600 B.C 1 A.D) Doric Order- entasis- swelling of the columns -always used for largest temples -alternating triglyphs and metopes Ionic Order – scrolls -shafts are thinner - no triglyphs in frieze Corinthian Order –large temples -no triglyphs, just metopes. Archaic Period – 600-500 B.C -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;stiff and rigid pose -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;focused on anatomy -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;archaic smile -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kouros, Kore – male and female archaic sculptures. Classical Period -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;depict distinct motion (Apollo belvedere) 350 B.C roman copy -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;idealism, focusing on strength of Greece as a whole. Venus D’ Milo –†¦show more content†¦Rome 200 B.C. – 200 A.D. (height of Roman Empire.) -conquered Greece in 136 B.C - did not oppress conquered nations, rather embraced the art and sculpture (many Greek sculptures are Roman copies.) Sculpture did not represent entire nation (Greeks), but the individual. -no idealism, reflected humanism. (down to earth) 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Head of Roman Emperor Caligula – crazy emperor, appointed horses as member as members of government. Difference between civilizations: Greek want to ascend into world of thought and higher knowledge. Romans are builders, conquerors, rulers. Bust – sculpture that ends at the neck. Romans were not obsesses w/ anatomy. -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;used as family photo album. -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;varied in quality -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;bronze and marble. Gaius Ceaser (11 years old) Full statue, bronze. -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;family propaganda, dressed in senate garment. Roman Inventions Equestrian statue – always larger than life, outdoors. (Fig 4.8) Marcus Aurelius c. 175 A.D -shown as general and statesman. (double capacity) -great philosopher -bony face, curly hair. -Patina – (chemical reaction)green coating on bronze that keeps it from rotting away. Arches System - held together by keystone. Dome – fig. 4.20 Pantheon c. 120 A.D Roman Empire Pompeii – Middle class society -Active volcano that preserved the city (remained covered from 79 A.D -1700 A.D) -Romans beganShow MoreRelatedRoman Art Of Ancient Rome1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe art of Rome is considered completed art of ancient society. Legitimately argue that, although Roman masters continued the tradition of Hellenic, yet the art of ancient Rome - an independent phenomenon, determined by the course and the course of historical events, and living conditions, and the originality of religious beliefs, character traits of the Romans, and other factors. Roman art as a special artistic phenomenon began to study only in the twentieth century is essentially realized onlyRead MoreAncient Greeks And The Roman Empire1085 Words   |  5 Pages by the Ancient Greeks, in a day.† (Crest) Ancient Greece was founded in 800 B.C. and was seen to be the first technical, civilized society. Within this society there were large advances in art, poetry and technology. Despite these advances Greece finally fell to the Romans in the Battle of Corinth in circa 146 B.C. and was established as a Province of the Roman Empire. This occupation, by the Empire of Rome inside of Greece was a symbolic moment of their history. The Romans witnessed the successRead MoreComparing Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Architecture Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesMinoans. The Minoans built the foundation of Greece. The Roman Empire was founded around 753 B.C. by the two twins, Romulus and Remus. 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These include techniques for carving sculptures and the construction of massive metropolitanRead MoreGreece s Influence On Roman Society And Consciousness Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesGreece’s influence on Roman Society and Consciousness Rome’s ability to Assimilate Rome became a master at assimilating other cultures’ technology and ideas, often adding their own, Rà ³man upgrades and refinements. This was demonstrated by Rome’s addition of the covus to the quinquereme warship design which they had copied from the Carthagà ­nians, leveraging the Etruscan arch in new ways, such as supporting huge aqueducts, and building on Greece’s concept of theater construction to create the ColosseumRead MorePortrait of Augustus as General1323 Words   |  6 PagesPortrait of Augustus as General Roman portraiture was one of the most significant periods in the development of portrait art. The characteristics of Roman portraitures are more modest, realistic, idealized, and natural. Also, the body compositions, muscles and facial expressions of portraits and sculptures are more advanced. Many roman portraits are directly linked to specific individuals, such as gods and emperors. They were often used for propaganda purposes and included ideological messagesRead MoreRoman Art : A Picture Book By Christine Alexander Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pages The Roman Republic is famous for many events, people, and histories. In fact, there have been numerous excavations in which a variety of pottery, paintings, mosaics, statues, and coinage have been discovered from the Republic era of Rome. These numerous items have been analyzed and written about for the purpose of identifying their beauty and creation during the time in which they were made. However, there use as and influence as propaganda has not been fully analyzed. While there might be slightRead MoreDifferences And Similarities Between Ancient Greece And Rome864 Words   |  4 PagesThere are lots of similarities and also differences between Ancient Greeks and Romans, some of the similarities are their government and their arts and literature. Their first similarity is in their government. In Greece, Pericles was an important figure in Athenian politics between 461 B.C. And 429 B.C., during this time Athens expanded its empire abroad while democracy grew at home. The period of classical Athenian and Greek history was called the Age of Pericles. Pericles created a direct democracyRead MoreThe Influence of Ancient Greek Mythology on Modern Society Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Greek society fell over 2000 years ago but despite this, its mythology still continues to influence our western society. References to Greek mythology can be found all through time and in our western culture. The influence of Greek mythology can be found in our science, arts and literature and our language. When Ancient Greece fell to the Roman Empire, Rome adapted its mythologies which still influence us today as they have through history. That is not to say that Greek mythology wasn’t influencedRead MoreGreek Art And Greek Objects Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesof the most well-known cultures throughout all of history belonged to the Greeks. Their heritage was so highly valued that it lived on even after they no longer ruled. The Greeks were some of the most innov ative artists of their time and their work was so inherently beautiful that people from future cultures fell in love with it and decided to incorporate it into their own customs. The most famous group known for this was the Romans. After the Romans took over Greece, their love for its customs bloomed

How Does of Mice and Men Present the Life of a Migrant Worker Free Essays

John Steinbeck did represent the lives of migrant workers in his novel Of Mice and Men. The lives of migrant workers were hard, challenging and unrewarding. Migrant workers suffered from poverty because they were low-wage workers. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does of Mice and Men Present the Life of a Migrant Worker or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were forced to travel between American states in search of seasonal work . In the novel; John Steinbeck shows the harsh reality of their lives. During the Great Depression most men were forced to move around on their own to make money to send home to their families. Most felt isolated and found it hard to make friends as they moved around so much because of the nature of their work. Loneliness is a theme in this novel that is reflective of the time period in which the novel was written. Steinbeck shows the loneliness of the migrant ranch workers through Curley when one of the characters says â€Å"Curley ain’t giving no-one a chance,† this shows how reserved the workers become as a result of constantly being on their own and having no stable relationships. George and Lennie are different however, and do have someone they can talk to and throughout the novella most characters are suspicious of their close relationship. During the time when the book is set The American Dream was very much alive. During the time of The Great Depression many people packed up their families and headed for LA as that seemed to be the best place to go. Each individual had their own interpretation of their ideal situation for life. For many this would be fame or fortune but George and Lennie had their own idea. George and Lenny both shared â€Å"The American. Dream† of owning their own small farm house. This is what keeps both of the characters motivated throughout the novel. ‘Some day – we’re gonna get the jack together and we’re gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an’ a cow and some pigs and –‘, George and Lennie constantly repeat this phrase continuously throughout the novella. When George talks about the dream ranch Lennie gets really excited about it even though he has heard it a thousand times. Lennie finds that having the â€Å"dream ranch† repeated to him, soothes his mind and makes him feel happy. Also, it allows him to have something to look forward to. Many times during the book Lennie mentions taking care of rabbits. Lennie likes the fact that he will be able to have something to take care of and that they will be his own. Also, letting him know that he will tend the rabbits works as an incentive for him not to get in trouble, the quote â€Å"But you ain’t going to get in no trouble, because if you do, I won’t let you tend the rabbits† proves that Lennie will try to stay out of trouble as much as he can. How to cite How Does of Mice and Men Present the Life of a Migrant Worker, Essays

My Health Record Project Vision Document †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Health Record Project Vision Document? Answer: Introduction Headspace is an organization that provides support and assistance to the youth in the age group of 12 to 25 years suffering from mental illness. There are increasing cases of depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses that are been recorded amongst the youth. The diagnosis and management is largely based upon the information provided by the patients in most of such cases. It is, therefore, necessary to have a strong and efficient information recording and processing system in place. The document is a vision document that covers the details of one such project initiated by Headspace named as My Health Record. Project Vision Problem Statement Headspace primarily works with the patients in the age group of 12-25 years suffering from mental illness. In the process of diagnosis and treatment, there are several professionals that the patients are required to interact with such as case worker, medical staff member, nurse, doctor, and psychiatrist and so on. The repetition of the story in front of every such identity leads to the loss in the depth and coverage of the required information (Cadle, 2010). The medical professionals and the other members working with the patient are required to have a complete account of information to provide the necessary recommendations and suggestions. However, due to the incomplete coverage of information, it becomes extremely difficult for the professionals to help the patients (Ammenwerth, 2002). Solution My Health Record is a system that has been recommended to overcome the problem as stated above. The system will have the mechanisms to capture the story of the patient on the first go and will also analyze and store the same. It will be an automated system that will include information recording, storage, retrieval, analysis and processing. Capabilities My Health Record will be extremely usable in nature as it will provide the staff members of Headspace along with the medical professionals with the ability to easily work with the patients. The following set of capabilities will be included in the system. The system will include the mechanism to record and store the story of the patient as stated in the first meeting with any of the case worker or medical professional (Livchits, 2005). The recorded information will be stored in the database linked with the system to allow the authenticated members working on the case to easily access the information. The system will allow easy retrieval of the information with the aid of the authorized credentials and the case number to access the same. There will be information analytics tools synced in with the system to ensure that the relevant trends and patterns are identified and highlighted from the information that is provided and recorded in the system (Abraham, 2011). There may be scenarios that there are newer points stated by the patients in the further discussions with the medical team and case workers. The system will record the same and the common and distinguished points will be highlighted. Benefits There are currently numerous problems associated with the initiative that is taken by Headspace to help and work with the patients of mental illness. With the development and deployment of My Health Record, a number of benefits will be provided to the patients as well as the professionals working with the patients. The patients will not be required to repeat the story in front of every professional and case worker (Brock, 2014). New professionals joining the case will be able to receive the complete case background through the information recorded in the system providing them with ability to connect with the patients in a better manner. The system will automatically store and analyze the information which will bring forward the patterns and specific points which will allow the medical team to easily identify the type of illness along with the necessary details. The information recorded by the system will be easily stored in the database connected with the system and will be protected by the security codes and protocols. The information will, therefore, be kept safe and secure at all times (Muller, 2016). Conclusion Technology is being actively used and applied in the healthcare sector and My Healthcare Record is an example of the same. It is necessary to make sure that the system incorporates the latest elements of technology so that the patients are provided with the accurate care and support. There shall be attention paid to the planning and analysis phases of the project so that the project objectives can be achieved easily. References Abraham, C. (2011). Systems Analysis and Design for Service Oriented Architecture Projects: A Case Study at the Federal Financial Institutions Examinations Council (FFIEC). Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5a94/68fa888e293593817b5e44bcb11c269a464e.pdf Ammenwerth, E. (2002). Systems Analysis in Health Care: Framework and Example. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.lina-schwab.de/Publikationen/z10.pdf Brock, S. (2014). Project Design Proposal Writing. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.iyfnet.org/sites/default/files/P4L_ProjDesign_PropWritGuide.pdf Cadle, J. (2010). Business Analysis Techniques. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/business-analysis-techniques.pdf Livchits, V. (2005). System Analysis of Investment Project Efficiency Evaluation. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/C15/E1-26-04-05.pdf Muller, G. (2016). System Modeling and Analysis: a Practical Approach. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.gaudisite.nl/SystemModelingAndAnalysisBook.pdf

Senator John D. Rockefeller IV of West Virginia

Senator John D. Rockefeller IV of West Virginia is a senior US Senator. Rockefeller was first elected in 1984 and for over 40 years he â€Å"has proudly served the people of West Virginia† (About Jay n. p.). He is a chairman of the Senate Committee on Science, Commerce and Transportation. As a chairman for the Intelligence committee, he was a critique about the President’s Bush politics in Iraq, provided the ideas of controlling the television violence by the FFC and granting the â€Å"retroactive immunity to telecommunications companies†.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Senator John D. Rockefeller IV of West Virginia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He also provided the Cybersecurity Act of 2009 – S.773 and supported Barack Obama’s health reform. In this paper, we are going to provide the information on Senator John D. Rockefeller IV of West Virginia, his biography and political activities, such as explore the committees on which he sits and his position on major issues confronting Congress this section. Senator John D. Rockefeller IV of West Virginia was born on June 18, 1937 in New York several days after his great-grand father death. He graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Far Eastern Languages and History. He came to Virginia in 1964 as a volunteer at the community of Emmons. In 1966 he began his political career at the he West Virginia House of Delegates and office of West Virginia Secretary of State. In 1976, he was elected Governor of West Virginia and later, in 1984, he was elected to the United States Senate (About Jay n. p.). He is known for his health care reforms and his national security letters of credence: â€Å"The five-term senator from West Virginia has long been a leading advocate for health-care reform. He is chairman of the Senate Finance subcommittee on Health Care, and played a pivotal role i n the debate over health-care reform in the Obama administration† (Why He Matters n. p.) Apart from being a chairman for the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, he also a chairman for the Subcommittee on Health Care, Subcommittee on International Trade, and Global Competitiveness, Subcommittee on Social Security, Pensions, and Family Policy, Committee on Finance, Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, Joint Committee on Taxation. The committee he leads holds such affairs as, communications, highways, aviation, rail, shipping, transportation security, merchant marine, the Coast Guard, oceans, fisheries, climate change, disasters, science, space, interstate commerce, tourism, consumer issues, economic development, technology, competitiveness, product safety, and insurance (Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee n. p.)Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lea rn More At the 111th United State Congress Rockefeller held a strong position on such issues as Health Care, National Security and Cybersecurity. He supported Barack Obama’s Health Care Reform, He said, â€Å"I represent a state that really needs health care reform, and I want it to be good† (Calmes n. p.). He fights to increase the access to the health care for small business, rural population and children. Speaking about National Security, senator â€Å"has focused his efforts on improving and reforming the nation’s intelligence capabilities while providing aggressive oversight of the nation’s intelligence and counterterrorism programs† (Why He Matters n. p.). He confronted the Bush’s politics in Iraq and claimed that involvement into the war with this country was a mistake that increased the threat of terrorism. In April 2009, he offered the Cybersecurity Act of 2009 – S.773 in which he emphasized the possibility of cyber-attack and suggested creation of the â€Å"cyber-emergency† that would be allowed to â€Å"shut† any suspicious traffic in spite of any law. Thus, the Senator of West Virginia is one of the most active members of Senate. He has a strong position with respect to Health Care, Cyber and National Security. He supports the reforms of the current president Barack Obama and currently focuses on such issues as jobs and retention, deficit reduction and mine safety (â€Å"About Jay† n. p.) Works Cited About Jay. United States Senator Jay Rockefeller for West Virginia. Web. Calmes, Jackie. Rockefeller Stands Up for Liberals on Health Care. New York Times. 17 Sept. 2009. Web. Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee. Who Runs Gov from The Washington Post. Web.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Senator John D. Rockefeller IV of West Virginia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Why He Matters. W ho Runs Gov from The Washington Post. Web. This research paper on Senator John D. Rockefeller IV of West Virginia was written and submitted by user Sloan Stanton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Solutions to Computer Viruses

Solutions to Computer Viruses Introduction As much as technology is useful to human beings, it comes with its challenges. One of such challenge that has troubled technology users for a long period of time is computer viruses. They refer to computer programs that are created by malicious software developers or computer programmers to harm other people’s computers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Computer Viruses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Computer viruses are a great problem as they cause damage to data and they can potentially lead to system malfunction (Brain 1). Other viruses can be used by hackers to get information from other people’s computers without permission. Solutions to computer viruses The best solution for the problem of computer viruses is installation of antivirus software on computer systems. Once antivirus software is installed in a computer system, it protects the computer system from such malici ous software and ensures that any program that runs in the computer system is authorized. Examples of antivirus software include Kaspersky, McAfee, Norton, Avast etcetera. The only down side of antivirus software is that they are also programs and thus they are not intrinsically perfect. The antivirus software is thus frequently updated in order for it to efficiently protect a computer system (Brain 1). This may prove to be expensive to the user although the cost of updating antivirus software is not as high as the initial cost of acquiring the antivirus software. The computer system user should also be extra careful while using his/her computer. This is especially crucial when the user is working with online application since the World Wide Web has many viruses. Sometimes hackers and virus developers may even develop an application that will ask the user to click on a window to see what it contains. On clicking the window, the virus is permitted to run in the users computer systems and, this way, it may lead to performance bottlenecks or cause serious loss of data. It is thus of essence for users to ensure that they do not run applications that they are not sure about.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Users should also avoid being gullible while viewing high risk sites like entertainment sites in which such applications are found. Other links and images that may be sent as spam messages by hackers and virus developers should also be avoided. This is because most computers get infected with viruses though the use of the internet. Conclusion With the continued use of, and advancement in, technology, a lot of technology-related problems have arisen. Viruses are more destructive than ever. Organizations are continually losing important and costly information. This calls for keener and greater care of our computer systems against the effects of virus es. Other measures that people can take to mitigate the effects of viruses are ensuring that files are properly backed-up so that once information is lost the organization does not go back to the drawing board. Efforts should also be made to ensure that once a computer system is infected with viruses, the information saved in it is salvaged. For instance, files and information in a computer system operating a Windows Operating System can be salvaged by running a live CD of the Linux OS. This is done by booting the computer system from the Linux OS CD and finding the files that are not part of the Windows System files, and are not created by the user. The only disadvantage of this kind of operation is that it requires a highly intelligent IT (Information Technology) professional. Brain, Marshall. â€Å"How Computer Viruses Work†. 2010 – January 13, 2010, https://computer.howstuffworks.com/virus.htm.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Computer Viruses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Word Choice Assume vs. Presume - Proofread My Paper

Word Choice Assume vs. Presume - Proofread My Paper Word Choice: Assume vs. Presume When people mix up the words â€Å"assume† and â€Å"presume,† it’s not because they’re similarly spelled. Rather, it’s because they’re close in meaning, since both can mean â€Å"suppose.† But there’s a subtle difference in how these terms are defined, so you should be careful not to confuse them in academic writing or other situations where precision is important. Assume (Take for Granted) If we â€Å"assume† something, we are supposing it to be true without evidence. For example, if we help ourselves to something at a deli counter in a shop because we think it’s a free sample, only to then get the shop owner asking us if we plan to pay for it, we might say: Sorry! I assumed it was a sample! We’d then probably buy twice as much as we need of said product, because we’re prone to overcompensation. Regardless, the word â€Å"assume† implies jumping to a conclusion. Quick, grab a free sample while hes not looking!(Photo: Unsplash) A second meaning of â€Å"assume† is to â€Å"take up† or â€Å"adopt† something, such as a duty at work: When Boris retires, I will assume his responsibilities. Or a physical position, like when police frisk a suspect: As they made the arrest, the police told him to â€Å"assume the position.† This use of â€Å"assume† is less common, but it’s worth keeping in mind in case you come across it anywhere (especially in professional settings). Presume (Guess Based Upon Evidence) The word â€Å"presume† means to make a guess based on available evidence. The most famous example of this is probably when the explorer Henry Morton finally found David Livingstone in the African jungle. As a greeting, Morton then said: Dr. Livingstone, I presume? â€Å"Presume† is the correct term here because David Livingstone was the only white European known to be in that part of Africa at the time, so Henry Morton could be fairly sure that he’d found the right person when he came across a white man other than himself! This also made him an easy target for wildlife.(Image: Wellcome Images/wikimedia) A secondary meaning of â€Å"presume† is to do something without permission, such as in: Do not presume to tell me what I know about grammar! This use is related to the word â€Å"presumptuous,† which describes failing to observe the limits of acceptable behavior. Assume or Presume? Since the secondary meanings of these words are very different, it should be easy to avoid confusions. It’s when they’re used to mean â€Å"guess† or â€Å"suppose† that it gets tricky. One helpful memory aid is the joke that â€Å"assume† makes an â€Å"ass† out of â€Å"u† and â€Å"me,† since this spells â€Å"assume† as well as warning against the hazard of making assumptions! Remember: Assume = Take for granted without evidence Presume = Guess to be true based upon what is known

Risk Assessment For nonprofit hospital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Risk Assessment For nonprofit hospital - Essay Example Evidently, the industry is highly vulnerable to information theft more than ever before. In modern healthcare settings, risk factors are impulsive and hence comprehensive risk assessment programs are essential to meet the challenges. According to the current day concept, risk assessment is not simply a precaution but a preventive healthcare approach that mitigates the impacts of a number of risk factors (The National Patient Safety Agency, 2007). Why Risk Assessment It has been stated that â€Å"each technical advance brings new security holes† (Rogers, 2011, p. 2). According to the writer, storing data over the internet involves incessant threat from hackers and malware. Burger (2010) describes the Kern medical center’s intense struggle with computer virus to regain its data, for the virus had downloaded ‘tons of porn documents’ and crashed all computers causing great dilemma. The incident has been cited by many experts to show that hospital data is always vulnerable to identity theft. For instance, Fell (2010) also points out that hospital computer systems are under the threat of information theft referring to the mayhem caused by virus at Kern Medical Center. According to the officials of UC Davis Police Department, the author says that "Hospitals are a soft target where a cyber attack can cause a lot of damage quite easily† (as cited in Fell, 2010). ... 3-5), the business environment highly involves intense competition and technical complexity which raise considerable amount of vulnerability risk to organizations of every type. Hence it is important to have a reliable risk assessment program for every firm to ensure the security of their data and other areas of organizational functions. And risk assessment in the view of the writers is â€Å"a systematic process for describing and quantifying the risks associated with hazardous substances, processes, action, or events† (Covello & Merkhoher 1993, p.3). Risk Assessment Tools There are certain effective free vulnerability scanning tools that can help non-profit organizations to address this issue. Nessus is one of the most important security vulnerability scanning tools. The website gives very detailed information about the vulnerability scanning tool-Nessus. The site has included several frequently asked questions and their answers along with the basic instructions for its user s. A close analysis of Nessus’ official website gives a clear picture of its total functions (Nessus). The relevance of Nessus has been well described in Rogers (2011). According to the author, tools like Nessus have been helping organizations to assess the vulnerability of their systems. It can also be used to check for misconfiguration vulnerabilities like open mail relay and missing patches (p.291). Evidently, Nessus is widely accepted as the most comprehensive vulnerability scanning program available today, for it helps clients to assess the level of their system’s vulnerability to data theft or virus attack (Nessus: online encyclopedia). The website, SecTools.Org conducts regular surveys to identify and list the community’s favorite software through multiple

Calcium as Second Messengers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Calcium as Second Messengers - Essay Example Calcium ions are also important intracellular messengers. In fact, calcium ions are probably the most widely used intracellular messengers (Kimball, 2006). Calcium plays a fundamental role in a variety of cellular functions. It is involved in contraction, secretion, endocytosis, transport across membranes and in more general processes such as cell motility, cell growth and cell division (De Robertis & De Robertis, 1987). Calcium is one of the most important second messenger molecules, with a diverse array of effectors. The intracellular Ca2+ plays a role as the second messenger in the hypotonic stress-induced Na+ transport by stimulating the transcription of SGK1 and ENaC subunits (Taruno, Niisato, Marunaka, 2007). Calcium directly moderates electrical activity, on a relatively fast time scale, through its control of calcium-dependent potassium channels. Long term effects are mediated by various kinases and phosphatases. Calcium is one of the activators of protein kinase C, which pla ys a role in synaptic plasticity. In a complex with calmodulin56, calcium is an activator or regulator of several enzymes, including calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase, which plays a role in synaptic plasticity, and adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP, another important second messenger. ... Once Ca2+ was recognized as a carrier of signals, it became important to understand how its concentration within cells was regulated. Reversible complexation to specific ligands soon emerged as the only reasonable means to perform the task. A number of small cell ligands bind Ca2+ with low affinity, but the process needed complex ligands able to complex Ca2+ with the specificity and affinity demanded by the intracellular ambient. A breakthrough in this direction was the solution of the crystal structure of parvalbumin by Kretsinger in 1972. This still functionally mysterious Ca2+ binding protein was to become the progenitor of a family of proteins known as EF hand proteins, which has now grown to nearly 600 members. EF hand proteins do buffer Ca2+ but also play another important role: They decode the information carried by Ca2+ and pass it on to targets. They do so by changing conformation after binding Ca2+ and after interacting with targets. Essentially, EF hand proteins become mor e hydrophobic on the surface after complexing Ca2+, approach the target, and collapse around its binding domain. Thus, these proteins are better defined as Ca2+ modulated proteins, or Ca2+ sensors (Carafoli, 2002). Second messenger pathways, and some mechanisms controlling calcium concentration, are modeled as a series of bimolecular reactions, enzymatic reactions, and diffusion. These processes occur both in compartments where the number of molecules are large enough to describe reactions deterministically (e.g. cell body), and in compartments where the number of molecules is small enough that reactions occur stochastically (e.g. spines). Thus, to model and simulate second messenger pathways in neurons requires algorithms for both diffusion and reactions, both

African American Press Essay Example for Free

African American Press Essay ?â€Å"We wish to plead our own cause. Too long have others spoken for us. Too long has the public been deceived by misrepresentation of things which concerns us dearly,† written on the front page of the first African-American owned newspaper, Freedom’s Journal. Freedom’s Journal was published on March 16, 1827 by a group of free African-American men in New York City. Freedom’s Journal was published the same year slavery was abolished in New York and was used to counter racist commentary published in the mainstream press. Samuel E. Cornish and John B. Russwurm served, respectively, as its senior and junior editors where they worked together to publish four-page, four-column weekly newspapers. Though The Freedom’s Journal was not the first African-American paper published, it was the first Africa-American owned newspaper. Freedom’s Journal consisted of news on current events, anecdotes, editorials and used to address contemporary issues such as denouncing slavery, advocating for black people’s political rights, the right to vote, and speaking out about lynching. Cornish and Russwurm desire were to give African-Americans the freedom to voice their thoughts, ideas and opinions. They sought to improve conditions for more than 300,000 newly freed men and women living in the North. They fulfilled this desire, by employing 14 to 44 agents each year to collect subscriptions. Each agent was paid $3 a year for their work. To encourage black achievements Freedom’s Journal featured biographies of celebrated black figures and continued to promote better living conditions by printing schools that were open to blacks, job offering and housing listings. Freedom’s Journal, eventually, circulated 11 states, the District of Columbia, Haiti, Europe and Canada before ceasing publications in 1829. During that time, Russwurm became the sole editor of Freedom’s Journal, after Cornish resigned in 1827. Russwurm began to promote the Colonization Movement which was frowned upon by majority of the newspaper’s readers. The Colonization Movement was a movement that was conceived by members of the American Colonization Colony where they began repatriating free African-Americans back to Africa. When the Freedom’s Journal shifted in complete support of colonization, it lost most of its readers and in March 1829 Freedom’s Journal ceased publication. Even though Freedom’s Journal existed for two years, its two years of existence helped spawn other papers. Since then, African American press has evolved and has substantially increased in the population over the years. After Freedom’s Journal, African-Americans had begun establishing and owning newspapers. It began May 1829, when Cornish attempted to revive the Freedom’s Journal under the name The Rights of All, however, the publication was not successful and failed after a year. David Walker, hired as an agent for Freedom’s Journal, became a well known, anti-slavery writer which was inspired by his experience with Freedom’s Journal. In 1830, Walker’s published his most famous publication known as Appeal which called for slaves to rebel against their masters, â€Å"†¦they want us for their slaves, and think nothing of murdering us†¦therefore, if there is an attempt made by us, kill or be killed†¦and believe this, that it is no more harm for you to kill a man who is trying to kill you, than it is for you to take a drink of water when thirsty,† (Walker). Another attempt at publication, Samuel Cornish, along with, Philip Bell, and Charles Bennett Ray launched The Weekly Advocate, January 1837. Later, the men changed the name to The Colored American March 4, 1837. The Colored American main purpose was to strengthen the moral, social, and political elevation of colored people as well as emancipation of slaves. The Colored American became well-known in the North because of the wide spread support of abolitionists, African-American churches and local abolition societies, and Caucasian allies. The Colored American published 38 articles, becoming an important paper of its time. The last edition of The Colored American was published on Christmas day in 1841. Other early African American newspapers include the Provincial Freeman, published in 1854, which was the first African-American owned newspapers to be published in Chatham, Ontario, Canada. The North Star was an anti-slavery newspaper published in 1847 by Frederick Douglas. He later agreed to merge it with the publication Liberty Party Paper with Gerrit Smith creating the Frederick Douglass’ Paper, in Rochester, New York. The National Era was published in Washington, D. C. in 1847 by the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. The Liberator was probably the best-known publication during the era, published by William Lloyd Garrison in Boston between 1831 and 1865. Other anti-slavery newspapers of note include the Friend of Man, published weekly for the New York State Anti-Slavery Society from 1836 through 1842. The Emancipator, originally known as Genius of Universal Emancipation, was one of the first anti-slavery newspapers published in the United States by Benjamin Lundy in 1819 and National. Anti-Slavery Standard established in 1840. All of these newspapers advocated for the abolition of slavery and for the civil rights of all African Americans. By the start of Civil War, more than 40 black-owned and operated papers had been established throughout the United States. After the end of the Civil War, more than 100 newspapers were beginning to publish. Many of the major African-American owned publications include, Baltimore Afro-American, also known as The Afro, was founded by a former slave, John H. Murphy, SR. , in 1892. Today, The Afro is the longest-running African-American, family-owned newspaper in the United States. The Chicago Defender was founded by Robert Sengstacke. Abbott on May 5, 1905. The Chicago Defender included writing pieces from the well-known Langston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks and Willard Motley. The Pittsburgh Courier an African-American newspaper published in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1910. The Pittsburgh Courier became the most widely circulated newspaper in America for African-Americans. During its peak, the Pittsburgh Courier circulated around 450,000 publications, with more than 400 employees in 14 cities. The Pittsburgh Courier discussed major issues impacting African-American communities. It campaigned against segregation and poverty, and promoted the social advancement of blacks. In the 1930s, the Pittsburgh Courier urged Black voters to vote Democrat, creating a political alliance that still exist to this day. Other publications includes, The Philadelphia Tribune (1912-2001), Atlanta Daily World (1931–2003), Cleveland Call Post (1934-1991), Los Angeles Sentinel (1934–2005), New York Amsterdam News (1922–1993), and Norfolk Journal and Guide (1921-2003). With African-American newspaper publication on the rise, organizations to help promote the publication began to form to support African-American journalist. In 1940, Robert Sengstacke Abbott, founder of Chicago Defender, along with other African-American publishers, organized the National Negro Publishers Association. The members of the National Negro Publishers Association worked together, â€Å"harmonizing our energies in a common purpose for the benefit of Negro journalism†, (Sengstacke). Today, the National Negro Publishers Associations is composed of more than 200 black newspapers in the United States and the Virgin Islands. In 1975 in Washington D. C. , 44 African-American journalists founded the National Association of Black Journalists. The National Association of Black Journalist’ purpose was to provide quality programs and services to and advocate on behalf of black journalists. These organizations are still going strong today and have contributed greatly to the African American population. Today, there isn’t a firm count of how many African American newspapers circulating the United States, however, according to Allied Media Corporation, an ethnic marketing firm, they have listed 250 newspapers in circulation. The National Newspaper Publishers Association, better known as the Black Press of America, assist in the publication of African-American owned newspapers, counts more than 200 black-owned newspapers as its membership. As you can see, since the Freedom’s Journal, the number of newspaper publications has increased. It began with the main purpose being that Africa-Americans would stick together to fight the constant oppression they were under. Now that we don’t see African-American oppression, as we did then, publications has different focal points. Many of the newspapers provide news and insight on African-American culture, including a variety of perspectives from leaders, celebrities, trendsetters and great minds from the African-American community. The Freedom’s Journal created a new stepping stone for the African-American population. It provided the platform for issues and concerns pursuant to ensuring our rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and to preserve a legacy of black conservatism for generations to come. References 2, M. A. (n. d. ). Early African American and Anti-Slavery Newspapers | Marjory Allen Perez. Genealogy Family History | Search Family Trees Vital Records . Retrieved August 1, 2013, from http://www. archives. com/experts/perez-marjory/early-african-american-and-anti-slavery-newspapers. html Black Newspapers Listing | The Network Journal. (n. d. ). Black Business | Black News, Career Ideas for Black Professionals. Retrieved August 1, 2013, from http://www. tnj. com/lists-resources/black-newspapers-listing David Walker, 1785-1830. Walkers Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly.

Vulgar Wedding Roast by a Childhood Friend Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roa

Vulgar Wedding Speech by a Childhood Friend Good evening ladies and gentlemen. This is my first experience in playing such a large role in a wedding. And I really appreciate Lee and Susan giving me the opportunity to make a fool of myself in front their friends and family, rather than just my own all the time. Yes, I am feeling pretty nervous at the moment, but not as nervous as Lee was this morning. He said that he had a few butterflies in his stomach. Well, he should be feeling better now, as I found this in the toilet just after he'd left it. [hold up a brick] But unlike me he didn’t have anything to be nervous about. Everything has gone to plan and I can’t imagine a happier way to start married life than in this wonderful venue with all their family and friends around them...

The Economics of Unemployment: A Comparative Analysis

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to Ms. Asma Hyder who was a great help in the project. She was always available to help us with the problem areas. She took out time for us at all times, putting her work aside therefore we thank her for the effort she has put into our project. Her encouragement has always inspired us as she helped us whenever we needed her help. She helped us in our problem areas all the time. It would have been a difficult task having to do our project without her help. Executive Summary: This report starts with the introduction of unemployment followed by the explanations of various types of unemployment. The report also contains the objective for doing the project and motivation behind doing research on this particular topic. The major portion of the report contains the data and its analysis which is done with the help of bar graphs . It also contains the reasons for increased unemployment and the consequences that Pakistan is facing due to increased unemployment. Some of the major governmental policies have also been discussed in this report and the effect of those policies. In the end a brief conclusion of the research work has also been given. The tables giving comparison of unemployment with age, sex and provinces are provided in the annexure. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION:4 PRESENT SITUATION6 OBJECTIVE:8 MOTIVATION BEHIND THE TOPIC:8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY:9 LITERATURE REVIEW10 DATA12 Unemployment Rates: Sex and Age13 Required data:17 ANALYSIS19 ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VERSUS GDP GROWTH RATE20 Comparison of GDP with unemployment using bar chart21 ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VERSUS INVESTMENT GROWTH RATE22 Comparison of investment with unemployment using bar chart22 ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VERSUS EXPORT GROWTH RATE23 ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE PROVINCE WISE25 ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE RURAL/URBAN WISE26 ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AGE AND GENDER WISE27 CONCLUSION:30 GOVERNMENT POLICIES:32 PROGRAMS INITIATED BY GOVERNMENT:33 REFERENCES:37 ANNEXURE39 INTRODUCTION: Unemployment refers to the inability for willing workers to find gainful employment. The degree of unemployment in a nation is one indicator of the economic health of the country. Many factors can negatively affect the unemployment rate including corporate downsizing, mergers, implementation of automation technologies, and job outsourcing to other nations. TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT: Structural Unemployment Structural unemployment is caused by a mismatch between jobs offered by employers and potential workers. This may pertain to geographical location, skills, and many other factors. Cyclical Unemployment Cyclical unemployment also known as demand deficient unemployment occurs when there is not enough aggregate demand in the economy. This is caused by a business cycle recession and wages not falling to meet the equilibrium rate. Frictional Unemployment It represents people who are temporarily unemployed because they are in between jobs. Seasonal Unemployment Seasonal unemployment occurs because of the seasonal nature of some jobs (fruit pickers) Underemployed It refers to people who are working less than full-time hours but would like to work longer Long-term Unemployed These are people who have been unemployed for longer than 12 months. Hard core Unemployment: These are people who are unemployed due to their personal, mental or physical characteristics. Major Causes of Unemployment in PAKISTAN from Past to Present: 1. Employment in the private sector absolutely stopped because they shifted their capital to other countries because of nationalization of industrial units which badly affected the investment industrial sector. 2. The higher growth rate of population is the major cause of unemployment in Pakistan. The resources of the country are limited because population has exceeded the optimum level. . Karachi is the biggest industrial base of Pakistan, but investors are reluctant to invest there because of unrest and violence. 4. Our educational system is also responsible for increasing unemployment rate among the educated youth. The attitude of our youth towards the choice of a career is unrealistic and unproductive. Rapid mechanization and computer technology also causing unemployment. 5. Lack of infrastructure and facilities in the field of energy, telecommunication and transportation also prevent the industrialist from setting up new industries. . Lack of enough industries to employ ever increasing number of graduate in Pakistan 7. The government is not involving in capital expenditures which create more jobs. 8. Main issue of unemployment in our country is that when ever a new technology comes as software or hardware then all the people start to learn that. Then at the end, you will see tens of thousands of students of a particular field against about 5 to 10 job vacancies. 9. Things are not handled in appropriate manner, as the vacancies are less but job seekers are more than that. 10. Opportunities are not enough and system of reference is so much indulged in our society that if a company needs employees then workers of that company will provide resume of their relatives and friends thereby influencing employment decisions, so in this way many people don’t get the opportunity to apply for those jobs. 11. Lastly, our country’s present law and order situation is proving very detrimental to the investment climate and is one of the main hindrances for achieving employment goals which need immediate remedy PRESENT SITUATION: Unemployment is a growing problem of every nation. Pakistan has reached a critical stage and joblessness is increasing daily. Moreover, downsizing in many government offices and within the private sector have exacerbated the problem Economists caution that unemployment is likely to grow at a more rapid pace in the years ahead. â€Å"Half the population is below 18 years of age,† â€Å"So entry into the labour force is fairly high and therefore the labour force growth numbers and the unemployment growth numbers will be very high. † Also the female participation in the labour force is amongst the lowest in Asia and comparable only to Sub-Saharan Africa. According to the labour force survey, the crude activity rate (which measures the percentage of labour force in the total population) stands at 9. 3 percent for women compared to 47. 6 percent for men. ?Latest Unemployment Rates in Pakistan: Unemployment Rates? Using Bar Chart: Unemployment Rates? Using Line Chart: OBJECTIVE: This topic has been selected with the objective of finding out what are the reasons that are behind increased unemployment in Pakistan. This objective led us towards the start of our project because unemployment is not a single dilemma of our country it has deep influence on other economic factors. Unemployment has a relation with inflation, GDP, country’s export which we are aim to find how this impact is going to effect and had affected our economy from past. Moreover our objective is to look at how we can improve the situation and how can we create unemployment in our country which will not be beneficial at macro but also effect at the micro level of our country. MOTIVATION BEHIND THE TOPIC: Unemployment is not a single problem it is related to many other problems that poorly impact the economic growth. Unemployment affects the social cost which includes increasing poverty, personal hardships, depression, decay of unused skills, and increase in crime as well as family disputes. In a nutshell, level of dissatisfaction rises higher and higher among unemployed people. In order to reduce the percentage of unemployment from our society we have planned to work on this issue as we have observed that the percentage of unemployment is increasing remarkably in our rural as well as urban areas. Secondly we are motivated that may be we provide our government and employers with some helpful suggestions that will increase the employment ratio. Keeping in view the present economic conditions prevalent in Pakistan in which country faces high inflation due to gap between revenues and expenses. It is suggested that Pakistan should pursue generating enough revenues, so as to meet its local and international commitments, needs to use its human resource or reduce unemployment by setting up new projects which can generate economic stimulus and thereby reduce gap between revenues and expenses which will impact other economic fundamentals. ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY: Total duration: 12-weeks First Phase (3-weeks): Research from the Secondary data sources such as research journals HEC’s Digital Library Online Directories Economic Survey of Pakistan National Bureau of Statistics etc. Second Phase (5-weeks): Analysis of the collected data which will include Causes of Unemployment Effects of Unemployment on Economy Past trends how unemployment percentage increases and what are the factors behind them Representation of the trends through charts. Organization of the researched material Application of Statistical tools on the collected secondary data Third Phase (3-weeks): Interpretation based on the Statistical Analysis Conclusion LITERATURE REVIEW Kakwani, N. , and H. Son. Hyun (2006). This paper deal with the method of unemployment. The author say we should also take those people in account who are earning below substances level of income in the labour market. The proposed methodology was applied to Brazil’s unit record household survey for the period starting from 1995 to 2004. According to author those people who r underpaid also consider themselves unemployed, because they are working only to survive. Unemployment is generally defined as not working or working few hours but if a person works voluntarily but earns a lot of money then he/she should not be considered as unemployed. In this article a new method is introduced that combines two aspects of labour market (unemployment and under employment) and arrives at a new index of unemployment that satisfy certain desirable properties. Marvin, D. Krohn (1999). This article is based on the correlation analyses of two variable namely unequal distribution of income and the unemployment which are becoming the major causes of crime. The result when further tested indicated that there exists a moderate positive relationship between unemployment and homicide rates, however a small negative relationship is observed between unemployment rates and total crime rates. When these results were investigated further to see if some relationship were due to the effects of industrialization or because of some other factors it was observed that the zero order correlation among the total crime rates are not changed. The details of these results are also discussed in the reference of the article. K. Rukhsana (2003). In this paper explores the factors responsible for unemployment in Pakistan. It is hypothesized that population and GDP exerts strong impact on Pakistan’s economy. Direct relationship is assumed to hold between unemployment and population. In this article 13 year data is taken for analysis on which regression is run to obtain the required results. According to the results that were obtained it could be concluded that radical increase in population will remove the employment opportunity and in order to reduce unemployment rate high growth in GDP is suggested. Therefore In order to bring employment opportunities in the country government should look on to the two areas i. e. control population and work in direction that would result in GDP. Hyder , A. (2007) This article is based on the unemployment is rising with striking proportion majorly because of the appeal of the public sector jobs , not in terms of wages , but surprisingly in terms of fringe benefits. People avoid the private sector despite lucrative packages being offered and tend to form long queues in wait for the public sector jobs. The basic elements supporting such impractical decisions are the cultural trends, financial dependency on parents even at later ages, and low movement of individuals from one place to another also makes them feel well-settled and satisfied, saving them from acute unemployment stress. These factors effectively support an individual’s unemployment status for the longer time duration. Regarding to the greater availability of public sector jobs in the urban areas these issues are definitely more significant there. Ghayur, S (1996) says 5% is the unemployment percentage and absorption capacity is 3%. Those employed, quarter of them find work to meet half their subsistence requirements. A tenth find their work cannot keep them busy more than 35 hours a week. There are long working hours , working conditions are poor and hazardous to health. Free trade regime is direct threat to employment safety. Labour laws are fragmented and child labour is widespread. Labour force is estimated at 34. 74 million (1993-94). Males account for 94% of labour force between the ages of 24-54 years. About 16. 8% boys and 6. 9% girls of the age group 10-14 comprise labour force. There is widespread unemployment and those that employed are under paid, working in poor conditions and have labour laws that can’t protect them. There is great potential for employment sectors such as agriculture to further increase their employment percentages as they are under employing labour force as discussed in the preceding paragraphs. DATA Unemployment Rates: Sex and Age Table I Table II Table III Table IV Graph of the Unemployment Rates: Sex and Age Graph I Graph II Graph III The above three graphs represent relation of unemployment with age and sex. From the above graph we have concluded that the percentage of unemployment is minimum for men between age 35-39 from year 1999-2007. Whereas the age group representing lowest percentage of unemployment among females is 45-49 from 1999-2004. However then unemployment in the women between age group of 35-39 showed lowest percentage from 2004-07. Required data: From the above tables and graphs we seperated the figures that meet our needs and transformed them into separate tables which are given below( The graphical analysis of this data is in the analysis Part). Table-I UNEMPLOYMENT AND GDP Table-II UNEMPLOYMENT AND INVESTMENT Table-III UNEMPLOYMENT AND EXPORTS Table-IV UNEMPLOYMENT,INFLATION,EXPORTS AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS BACKGROUND: We have selected three basic variables for analysis of unemployment rate over last 9 years. These include GDP growth, Investment and Exports. There are line and bar chart analysis of unemployment rate with all these three variables as well. In the end we have also conducted analysis of unemployment rate with respect to province, rural/urban and age wise. ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VERSUS GDP GROWTH RATE Comparison of GDP with unemployment using frequency curve Comparison of GDP with unemployment using bar chart Analysis of GDP Growth Rate: Increase in GDP growth rate shall cause overall decrease in unemployment rate. It can be seen from above graphical analysis on the collected data that from year 1999 to 2001 there was a decrease in GDP resulting in an increase in unemployment. i. e. lesser the growth of economy means lesser number of jobs thus increased unemployment. But as during the period of 2001-2002 Musharraf government took some drastic steps like creating jobs in IT sector thus there was a decrease in unemployment despite decrease in GDP and investment. On the other hand there was a steady growth in GDP from year 2002 onwards especially growth of services sector which included telecom, transport etc. , resulting in decreased unemployment. When Musharraf’s regime had established itself as stable government to the rest of the world especially after the first elections the economy of the Pakistan was at its peak. GDP growth, spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors, remained in the 6-8% range in 2004-06. In 2005, the World Bank named Pakistan the top reformer in its region and in the top 10 reformers globally. ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VERSUS INVESTMENT GROWTH RATE Comparison of investment with unemployment using bar chart Analysis of Investment Growth Rate: Increase in investment will cause a decrease in unemployment. It can be seen that there was an increase in investment for years 1999-2001 but even then unemployment increased due to the fact that as the investment is always committed first and jobs are created later. But increase in investment had started to impact decrease in unemployment after year 2001 onwards. Overall there was a increase in investment thereby decreasing unemployment as it is clearly evident from the line and bar charts. ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VERSUS EXPORT GROWTH RATE Comparison of export growth rate with unemployment using bar chart Analysis of Export Growth Rate: Increase in exports will cause a decrease in unemployment as more jobs are created for export related activities. It is observed from the collected data’s graphical analysis that exports for the year 1999-2000 registered a negative growth of -9. 8% thus there was a resultant increase in unemployment for the same period. But for the year 2000-2001 there was a high growth of 10. % in exports met by decrease in unemployment in later years. Exports continued to keep a same level of growth from 2001 to 2003 with almost 0 % growth for year 2002-2003 as compared to previous year. Thus there was an overall decrease in unemployment. But for the year 2003 when exports registered -0. 7 % growth there was a simultaneous increase in unemployment. For the rest of the years Pakistan did not register any negative export growth thus unemploy ment as a whole also decreased. ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE PROVINCE WISE Bar chart of unemployment rates in provinces Analysis of Unemployment Rate Province Wise: From the above graphical analysis we can see that in 1999 the unemployment was very high as compared to 2007. The reduction in the province wise unemployment is the result of overall reduction in unemployment all around the Pakistan. As Pakistan was recording high GDP growth rates from 2003-04 to 2006-07, overall the economy of the Pakistan was on the rise. The political and law and order enforcement situation was very stable, the Telecom sector was expanding a great deal in all the provinces which was creating a lot of jobs. During this period there were many public sector development programs in progress especially in underdeveloped areas which were offering jobs. ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE RURAL/URBAN WISE Bar chart of unemployment rates rural and urban areas Analysis of Unemployment Rate Rural/Urban Wise: From the above bar diagram we can see that unemployment from 1999-00 to 2006-07 in both rural and urban areas decreased from 8. 1 to 4. 75% and from 10. 2 to 6. 7% respectively. In 1999 Pervez Musharraf took over the Government, because of which most of the countries in the world stopped supporting Pakistan and Pakistan had to suffer a lot of crises. When this govt. got stable and the countries of the world started to open up their relations with Pakistan then there was a lot of aid coming from all the developed countries which stabilized Pakistan’s financial condition. After 9/11 Afghan war also started and Pakistan got a lot of financial support from USA and many other countries of the world which acted as a cushion to Pakistan’s external and internal account deficit conditions thereby allowing spending to other developmental projects in rural and urban areas so as to reduce overall unemployment. From 2003 onwards there was a Telecom and IT boom in Pakistan. Musharraf Govt had steadily risen developmental spending from 2003 onwards, including a 52% real increase in the budget allocation for developmental projects in FY07, a necessary step toward reversing the broad underdevelopment of its social structure. Even the reconstruction of the devastating Kashmir earthquake in 2005 created a lot of jobs for the people of Pakistan who contributed in different ways. During this period govt. was stable and there was peace all over the country, so there was a lot of investment committed to Telecom sector which created many jobs for the urban population. Also govt. ook many projects on its own to computerize almost all the ministries and associated departments like NADRA which also increased opportunities for computer literate persons. Many people started their own businesses in big cities which resulted in creating job opportunities for many people. Because of these reasons there was noticeable decrease in unemployment all around the Pakistan. ANAL YSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AGE AND GENDER WISE 3-D bar chart showing unemployment with respect to age and gender in different years Where: F= Cumulative Frequency. Where: F= Cumulative Frequency. Analysis of Unemployment Rate Age Wise: It can be seen that overall unemployment rates are highest for 60 years and above age group as it is retirement age and very few jobs exist if any for such a age group in the country. Followed by this group, the high unemployment rate is in the age group of 10 to 19 years of age. Also such people are either employed in such sectors which fall in child abuse or not employed at all. Unemployment rate is lowest for 30 to 49 years of age group people. As such a age group has gone through enough of hard time and gained enough experience so as to ultimately find some good stable job and settle. On the other hand age group people of 20 to 29 years of age have high unemployment rate due to the above mentioned settling process that they are in. But still there are more job opportunities for 20 to 29 years of age group age group than 10-19 years of age group thus overall lower unemployment rate. CONCLUSION: Since unemployment is one of the major problems of Pakistan and the level of unemployment is moving up. The socio economic system of the country and institutions has failed to provide employment to the increasing labor force. The rate of expansion in industrial sector is very slow. The increasing labor force has not been absorbed. Increasing output of general education institutions is the major cause of educated young men’s unemployment. Technical, professional and vocational institutions are limited in number. We have also concluded that the high share of highly educated unemployed person indicate a lack of sufficient professional and high level technical jobs. Another variable that could be impacting this ratio in a positive way is that many qualified jobseekers might be accepting employment below their skill level, or underemployment. It is interesting to note that the levels of education of unemployed females are relatively high. When looking at the unemployment rates by education level, women have seen a significant decline in levels below intermediate, but only a minor drop in the rate at degree level since 1999. There are several possible explanations for this. One explanation, as reflected in employment by status and employment by sector indicators, points at labour market segregation along gender lines, which is confirmed by research on the occupational distribution of the employed disaggregated by sex ( Nasir, 2005). Therefore, barriers may prevent women from obtaining employment in high skilled jobs for which they are qualified at (PET, 2007). Another explanation for the relatively high educational attainment levels of female unemployed is a mismatch between the skills required and those supplied. Indicators regarding the (pre employment) educational attainment of the labour force are not sufficient to assess the extent to which the education and training system provides the skills that are required by the economy. Moreover no career guidance, lack of awareness regarding available jobs, high expectations without commensurate experience, little understanding of work ethics and the weak economy. This situation can be improved by small enterprise development (SED) activities, entrepreneurial and technical skills, increased financial resources and management skills, and increased participation of women in economic activities providing more income for the family as compared to a single breadwinner. Government has initiated many unemployment reduction programs some of them worked but not to large extent ,if these programs had worked there will be not only increased unemployment but also decrease in poverty will be observed as people get more jobs poverty will be eliminated from the society. Due to increased terrorist attacks uncertainty has also increased and many multinational and foreign companies are not willing to set up their business in Pakistan this had also hindered the opportunities of unemployment. GOVERNMENT POLICIES: The most important fundamental right is none else than the availability of a productive work opportunity to the able and willing to work citizen of a country. Recognition of this right is duly acknowledged in the Constitution of Pakistan. The article 38 of the Constitution states that â€Å"the State shall provide for all citizens †¦. facilities for work and adequate livelihood with reasonable rest and leisure†. In fact, the state is also required to provide social security by compulsory social insurance as well as basic necessities of life to those permanently or temporarily unable to earn livelihood. The Government is pursuing policies that motivate and promote the private sector, whereby its role is expanded in employment augmenti ng activities. Though the private sector is responding, the growth is largely concentrated in the informal sector. The informal sector is not preferred as it has low wages and largely poor working conditions. In rural areas, agriculture is the mainstay but the average land holdings are small and corporate farming as yet to take grounds. †¢Making employment central in economic and social policy making, †¢ †¢Emphasis on both the quantity and quality of jobs generated in the economy. †¢Increasing employment intensity of growth and creation of decent employment through appropriate macro, trade, labor market and sectoral policies. †¢Strengthen institutions to create an efficient and equitable labor market. Active involvement of employers’ and workers’ organizations and civil society in formulation of employment policy. †¢Create favorable conditions for growth of the private sector especially SMEs and other labor absorbing sectors. †¢Create a competitive and productive world class labor force, and Strengthen institutional machinery for employment policy making, HRD and monitoring labor market development PROGRAMS INITIATED BY GOVERNMENT: The Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) for the fiscal year 2004-05 has been increased to Rs. 202 billion, a 26 percent increase over 2003-04 PSDP of Rs 160 billion. Since the focus of PSDP for 2004-05 has been on accelerating growth, increased funds for PSDP would mean enhancing public sector investment to generate employment thus raising overall growth. Employer-led Skill Development Councils developed by Ministry of Labor Manpower and Overseas Pakistanis, has been established in all provinces to identify needs of geographical area, prioritize them on market demand and to facilitate the training of workers through training providers in public and private sectors. These councils have met the diversified training needs of the industrial and commercial sectors and have trained 46, 674 persons so far. Technical and vocational training enhances the employability of the work force. There are 315 training institutes under NTB across Pakistan, which also includes all TEVTA institutions in Punjab. They offer vocational courses in 80 trades and the net output capacity of these institutions is 150,000 per year. At present the training capacity of 28,050 trainees is available under the Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) Punjab and the other Provincial Directorates of Manpower and Training. Besides 8807 apprentices are being trained under the Apprenticeship Training Program in the country. A Ten Year Perceptive Development Plan for the period 2001-11 is under implementation and accelerating GDP growth and reducing unemployment are among its major goals. This plan envisages creating 11. 3 million new job opportunities through investment of Rs. 11287 billion during the Plan period. As a result of developmental efforts of the government, GDP growth rate has started picking up. It was 5. 1 percent in 2002-03, increased to 604 percent in 2003-04 and is around 7 percent in 2004-05. On the other hand, the population growth rate, which was 1. 99 percent in 2003-04, has declined to 1. 9 percent in 2004-05. Both the parameters have helped to make dent in the unemployment situation as result of which the unemployment rate has declined from 8. 3 percent in 2001-02 to 7. 7 percent in 2003-04. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) represents a signifying component of Pakistan’s economy in terms of value. They are highly labor intensive and provide employment to the bulk of the non-agricultural labor force. The growth of SMEs has mainly been hampered by the non-availability of credit in the past. Realizing this constraint the government has opened two specialized non-credit banks namely, the SME Bank and Khushali Bank. The Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA) is also actively developing program for managerial skill development and technical and informative support to the SMEs. The SME Bank was established on January, 1, 2002 with the primary objective of providing financial assistance and business support to small and medium enterprises. A large number of SMEs are being financed under its program lending scheme namely â€Å"Hunarmand Pakistan Scheme† in such businesses as fan manufacturing, cutlery, manufacturing, surgical instruments, doctors and dentists clinic, women entrepreneurs, CNG stations, auto looms, auto parts manufacturing, furniture manufacturing, motorcycle rickshaws etc. Up to 31st January 2005 the SME Bank financed 4522 SMEs and disbursed loans amounting to Rs. 3031. 57 million and has been successful in creating 9044 employment opportunities in the country. Realizing the importance of microfinance in improving the lives of the poor people, the government has established Khushhali Bank in 2000 – a microfinance institution – under a public-private partnership program. It has also encouraged private sector to setup microfinance banks in Pakistan. So far three microfinance banks have become operational during 2001-04. Two applications for setting up microfinance banks in private sector are under process for licensing. The outreach of these four institutions has increased to half a million households in just 4-5 years. In the next five years the outreach will increase to three million households. The Khushhali Bank alone has so far disbursed Rs. 4. 5 billion and nearly 33 percent of its clients are women. The services of these institutions will be the most effective instruments in improving the lives of the poor people in both urban and rural areas. The housing and construction sector provide substantial additional employment opportunities as it contributes through a higher multiplier effect with a host of beneficial forward and backward linkages in the economy. The sector, through linkages effect with about 40 building material industries, supports investment and growth climate and help reduce poverty by generating income opportunities for poor households. During the last two years, the government has taken various budgetary and non-budgetary measures, which are now yielding positive results. Construction activity in Pakistan is booming; demand for construction-related materials has surged. Many national and international real estate developers have launched or launching large construction projects in Pakistan, which has further accelerated construction activity in the country. Pakistan Poverty Alleviating Fund (PPAF) was set up in April 2000 with an endowment of $ 100 million, as a wholesale lender to NGOs engaged in providing micro financing. PPAF, as of 31st Dec 2004, is present in 94 districts across Pakistan, it has 52 partner organizations. So far it has made disbursements of Rs. 8. 2 billion and it has around 7 million beneficiaries. The government has so far spent one thousand billion rupees on pro-poor sectors in the last five years. Economic growth is the engine of employment generation and poverty alleviation. In order to sustain this spectacular pace of growth and maintain healthy and vigorous macroeconomic indicators would require a prolonged period of macroeconomic stability, financial discipline, and consistent and transparent policies. These, along with improved governance and better quality infrastructure would encourage private sector to play a leading role in promoting investment and growth. The government on its part must identify and promote sectors, which are considered not only to be the major drivers of growth but also have the greatest potential of creating more employment opportunities. Since it took almost a decade for unemployment and poverty to reach at this level, it would be unreasonable to expect that both unemployment and poverty will decline in the short-run. But this does not mean that it is an unattainable objective. REFERENCES: Ghayur,S (1996) Labour Market Issues in Pakistan: Unemployment, working Condition, and Child Labour, the Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Vol. 35 (4), pages 789-803. Hyder, A (2007) â€Å"Preference for Public Sector –Jobs and Wait Unemployment†, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, (Working Paper No20). K. Rukhsana (2003), Population and Unemployment: A Dilemma to Resolve,† The Icfai University Journal of Applied Economics â€Å"Vol: 3 August, pp. 7-15. Kakawani, N. , and H. Son. Hyun (2006), A Note on Measuring Unemploymentâ€Å"International Poverty center, United Nation Develop Program†. September2006 (Working Paper No 28). Marvin D. Krohn (1999), Inequality, Unemployment and Crime: A Cross-National Analysis, The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 303-313. Federal Bureau of Statistics (2001-02), Labour Force Survey 2001-02, Government of Pakistan, Statistics Division. Federal Bureau of Statistics (2003-04), Labour Force Survey 2003-04, Government of Pakistan, Statistics Division. Federal Bureau of Statistics (2005-06), Labour Force Survey 2005-06, Government of Pakistan, Statistics Division. Federal Bureau of Statistics (2006-07), Labour Force Survey 2006-07, Government of Pakistan, Statistics Division. Papua†What is unemployment†. Online posting 18 November 2007. Reader Responses, Wise Geek Journal http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-unemployment. htm 2. Jobs in Pakistan, Jobs in Middle East† Berozgar job article section Friday, June 13th, 2008 at 11:44 am, December 22, 2008 http://bayrozgar. com/blog/2008/06/13/pakistan-unemployment-causes-and-solutions/ 3. †Pakistan unemployment rate†CIA world factbook 16 May 2008, December 22,2008 http://indexmundi. com/pakistan/unemployment_rate. html ANNEXURE Table-1 Table-2 Table-3 Table-4 Civilian Labour Force Employed and Unemployed: Pakistan and Provinces Table-1 Table-2 Table -3 Table-4 Distribution of Population: Education and Sex Table-1 Table-2 Table-3 Table-4 Unemployment Rates by Area and Sex Table-1 Table-2 Table-3

To Be Human Is To Discuss

There were only 100 years without war in the whole history of human civilization! Iraq and Kuwait had had a long standing, but low level, border dispute over a pair of Persian Gulf islands. No preventative diplomacy was employed during this period of escalation, and Kuwait was invaded in August of 1990. more than 200 people lost their lives. In Vietnam war the total amount of casualties is more than 1,800 million people. In Rwanda after April 6, 1994, 800,000 men, women, and children perished in the Rwandan genocide, perhaps as many as three quarters of the Tutsi population.Although the Rwandans are fully responsible for the organization and execution of the genocide, governments and peoples elsewhere all share in the shame of the crime because they failed to prevent and stop this killing campaign. Not only did international leaders reject what was going on, but they also declined for weeks to use their political and moral authority to challenge the legitimacy of the genocidal govern ment. When international leaders finally voiced disapproval, the genocidal authorities listened well enough to change their tactics although not their ultimate goal.Far from cause for satisfaction, this small success only highlights the tragedy: if weak protests produced this result in late April, imagine what might have been the result if in mid-April the entire world had spoken out. Syria now is bogged down in endless killing. Early in the uprising, Western support might have ousted Mr Assad and preserved Syria’s sectarian harmony. , but the West held back. Now, after more than 110,000 people have died during 30 months of violence, it is too late. Like many civil-war leaders Mr Assad prefers to prolong the fighting rather than risk compromise.The rebels, too, battle on in the knowledge that surrender is likely to mean death. Guys,we live in the 21 century and the humans became so developed that we can tell GOOGle what to GOOgle with our voice but we still fight even more ho rribly than centuries ago. why do wars still occur then? Wars occur when negotiations fail or don’t even take place. The talks fail when one or more of the parties refuse to participate in negotiations. There are 4 most common reasons for such refusals- 1) that the refusing party thinks that it can get a better outcome by some other means-usually through force.2)they fear they will be forced to accept unwanted compromises. If parties think they will have to compromise their values, or give up their chance to obtain their fundamental needs, they will refuse to participate in any negotiation. 3)that parties may refuse to negotiate because they make think that the negotiations are a waste of time and are destined to fail. 4)A final reason why parties may refuse to negotiate is that they are so angry with the other group that they are not even willing to sit down at a table , because they do not want to grant them the legitimacy that such an act would imply.These reasons are not sensible enough to risk thousands of human lives. The main reason why the man got ahead of the mammals is thanks to the intensive development and differentiation of the cerebral cortex. But even the mammals don’t kill each other whereas it’s not uncommon for us to do this. We really differ from mammals and need to understand that the power of the word is immense and the only way for us to remain human beings is to discuss. All these bloodstained wars are not the inability to discuss, but just the unwillingness.While war has created more separation between Arab world and the West, negotiations could have improved the relationships and found long-term solution. the only way to stop the continuous fight in Syria is through negotiations. The Economist suggests that The effort is worth it—about 40% of civil wars end through negotiation. And to pave the way for negotiated solutions, parties should have clear understanding of their interests, acknowledge their interdep endence by considering both short-term and long-term interests, and recognize that their interests are not incompatible.The parties should also reject the attempt to frame negotiations as talk with a madman. Negotiations are about finding common ground with the opponent, but not judging personal qualities of the negotiator. And the thing that the parties should understand best of all- is that they are humans and that as leaders they have to protect their people from war. Nothing in this world is more valuable than a human life. Let’s save it by discussion! It began to snow.. lightly at first, but then in large flakes. The wind started to howl,it was a snowstorm.In an instant the dark sky merged into an ocean of snow. Everything disappeared. The epigraph for Bulgacov’s â€Å"White Guardian† seems like a snowy night on December the 9th in Kiev. the protesters have blockaded streets and occupied municipal buildings, riot police have beaten demonstrators and journal ists, agent provocateurs have tried to discredit the crowd and thus to excuse the repression. The violence can get much worse but the both parties answers to the idea of talks are â€Å"we shall push a little bit more and everything will be OK†. Won’t it be only worse?

Free Essays on Cointelpro Vs. Black Panther Party

Cointelpro, what was it? Was it an organization created for fear and distrust the US government, or was it a government intervention? Basically Cointelpro was the FBI's secret program to undermine the popular upsurge, which swept the country during the 1960's. When breaking the law, for example, exposure, harassment, or prosecution for political crimes were getting out of hand, that's when the Cointelpro came in. The Bureau took the law into it's own hands and secretly used fraud and force to protect political activity. We found out about the Cointelpro thanks to a FBI office, which removed the secret files and presented it to the media on March 1971. A big scandal began, because of the lawsuits and requests of the public for bringing out new information about it. To control all of this damage, Congress and courts commanded to the FBI to reveal the other half of the information about it, and to promise it would not do repeat their actions again in the future. Although most of the info was stored back into the "secret files", some was copied from the originals and publicized. The Cointelpro worked by secretly instruct their field offices to propose schemes such as: misdirect, discredit, disrupt or otherwise neutralize certain individuals and groups. The most intense operations were directed against the Black movement, basically the Black Panther Party. The Black community had a lack of material resources to fight back, so the FBI and police (whites in general) took this as an advantage. Many other activities that opposed US intervention for racial, gender or class were also main targets under convert attack. There was no limit to those who used physical force or took up arms. Till today we ask ourselves what effect did this all have and did it ever really end? Well, it had a big effect on society. It reinforced the weaknesses... Free Essays on Cointelpro Vs. Black Panther Party Free Essays on Cointelpro Vs. Black Panther Party Cointelpro, what was it? Was it an organization created for fear and distrust the US government, or was it a government intervention? Basically Cointelpro was the FBI's secret program to undermine the popular upsurge, which swept the country during the 1960's. When breaking the law, for example, exposure, harassment, or prosecution for political crimes were getting out of hand, that's when the Cointelpro came in. The Bureau took the law into it's own hands and secretly used fraud and force to protect political activity. We found out about the Cointelpro thanks to a FBI office, which removed the secret files and presented it to the media on March 1971. A big scandal began, because of the lawsuits and requests of the public for bringing out new information about it. To control all of this damage, Congress and courts commanded to the FBI to reveal the other half of the information about it, and to promise it would not do repeat their actions again in the future. Although most of the info was stored back into the "secret files", some was copied from the originals and publicized. The Cointelpro worked by secretly instruct their field offices to propose schemes such as: misdirect, discredit, disrupt or otherwise neutralize certain individuals and groups. The most intense operations were directed against the Black movement, basically the Black Panther Party. The Black community had a lack of material resources to fight back, so the FBI and police (whites in general) took this as an advantage. Many other activities that opposed US intervention for racial, gender or class were also main targets under convert attack. There was no limit to those who used physical force or took up arms. Till today we ask ourselves what effect did this all have and did it ever really end? Well, it had a big effect on society. It reinforced the weaknesses...

How to Construct an Index for Research

How to Construct an Index for Research An index is a composite measure of variables, or a way of measuring a constructlike religiosity or racismusing more than one data item. An index is an accumulation of scores from a variety of individual items. To create one, you must select possible items, examine their empirical relationships, score the index, and validate it. Item Selection The first step in creating an index is selecting the items you wish to include in the index to measure the variable of interest. There are several things to consider when selecting the items. First, you should select items that have face validity. That is, the item should measure what it is intended to measure. If you are constructing an index of religiosity, items such as church attendance and frequency of prayer would have face validity because they appear to offer some indication of religiosity. A second criterion for choosing which items to include in your index is unidimensionality. That is, each item should represent only one dimension of the concept you are measuring. For example, items reflecting depression should not be included in items measuring anxiety, even though the two might be related to one another. Third, you need to decide how general or specific your variable will be. For example, if you only wish to measure a specific aspect of religiosity, such as ritual participation, then you would only want to include items that measure ritual participation, such as church attendance, confession, communion, etc. If you are measuring religiosity in a more general way, however, you would want to also include a more balanced set of items that touch on other areas of religion (such as beliefs, knowledge, etc.). Lastly, when choosing which items to include in your index, you should pay attention to the amount of variance that each item provides. For example, if an item is intended to measure religious conservatism, you need to pay attention to what proportion of respondents would be identified as religiously conservative by that measure. If the item identifies nobody as religiously conservative or everyone as a religiously conservative, then the item has no variance and it is not a useful item for your index. Examining Empirical Relationships The second step in index construction is to examine the empirical relationships among the items you wish to include in the index. An empirical relationship is when respondents’ answers to one question help us predict how they will answer other questions. If two items are empirically related to each other, we can argue that both items reflect the same concept and we can, therefore, include them in the same index. To determine if your items are empirically related, crosstabulations, correlation coefficients, or both may be used. Index Scoring The third step in index construction is scoring the index. After you have finalized the items you are including in your index, you then assign scores for particular responses, thereby making a composite variable out of your several items. For example, let’s say you are measuring religious ritual participation among Catholics and the items included in your index are church attendance, confession, communion, and daily prayer, each with a response choice of yes, I regularly participate or no, I do not regularly participate. You might assign a 0 for does not participate and a 1 for participates. Therefore, a respondent could receive a final composite score of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 with 0 being the least engaged in Catholic rituals and 4 being the most engaged. Index Validation The final step in constructing an index is validating it. Just like you need to validate each item that goes into the index, you also need to validate the index itself to make sure that it measures what it is intended to measure. There are several methods for doing this. One is called item analysis in which you examine the extent to which the index is related to the individual items that are included in it. Another important indicator of an index’s validity is how well it accurately predicts related measures. For example, if you are measuring political conservatism, those who score the most conservative in your index should also score conservative in other questions included in the survey.

Persuasive Research Paper on effects of ADHD on Children Essay

Persuasive Research Paper on effects of ADHD on Children - Essay Example To start with, the Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is indeed a malady which is related with neurobiology. There has been some research that suggests the symptoms of ADD as being planted courtesy a chemical imbalance within the brain. Having said that, with ADD there is a mistake in the mannerism that the brain runs the neurotransmitter production as well as the eventual storage at different times thus causing for distinct imbalances. [Television] There have been reports that as many as nearly 80 percent of ADD cases happen due to the result of genetics while the remaining are caused due to different toxins, trauma as well as illnesses which are brought in to the whole equation during the pregnancy stages as well as delivery of the newborn. Also this could happen due to poor parenting issues, domestic troubles, poor teachers and/or schools as well as watching a lot of TV. Thus it is significant to appraise one and all of the understanding related with ADD as it is a serious disabilit y which in essence hampers the various aspects of a human being, despite the fact that it does not hinder with the handicapping Attention Deficit Disorder. The distinction between the Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and that of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) hails from the fact that they are two separate terminologies to start with. The same could be so very confusing for just about anyone associated with it in one way or the other. To suggest a proper pathway, the authorized clinical diagnosis is indeed the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder which is represented by ADHD. To move further ahead, ADHD is reduced into numerous assorted subtypes which in essence comprise of the inattentive type, combined type as well as the hyperactive impulse type. There are a number of people who use ADD as a general name and categorize for all kinds of ADHD. However with the passage of time, ADD has

Does stakeholder theory provide a better basis for the development of Coursework

Does stakeholder theory provide a better basis for the development of Corporate Governance in the 21st century than agency theor - Coursework Example It is important to understand the meaning of corporate governance to be able to fully discuss its features. Even though there are different variables that come into play because of the different operating environments in different nations, corporate governance may refer to that process that leads to effective control, direction and accountability in organizations. As a result, corporate governance involves elements like control, co-ordination, direction and the checks and balances associated with management of organizations. In addition to the definition of the term corporate governance, it is equally important to point out that the practice has evolved over the years to become a more complex but essential feature for the success of contemporary organizations. The concept of corporate governance has been fast adopted in various parts of the world but with some major variations because of the different circumstantial variations of nations (Clarke 2004). Consequently, there have been d ifferent frameworks of corporate governance that have emerged as a result of this. However, there are two main approaches of corporate governance that can be identified. ... at had a tradition of common law like Australia, United Kingdom, USA, Canada and New Zealand developed corporate governance structures that focused on shareholders’ returns or interests. In their case, corporate governance was supposed to ensure that corporations achieved the objectives set by their owners. Consequently, the two main corporate governance approaches have been termed as insider and outsider approaches respectively. Having reviewed the background of corporate governance it is therefore important that the theories of corporate governance that have been put forth be discussed. Theories of Corporate Governance There are two theories of corporate governance that have been proposed by scholars and of which will form a basis for this discussion. They include the stakeholder theory and the agency theory as discussed below. The Stakeholder Theory Also referred to as the stewardship theory, the theory proposed by Freeman is based on the argument that organizations have a wider obligation of serving the general interests rather than just attaining the capitalistic goal of wealth maximization (Mulili and Wong 2011). The theory holds that firms are socially responsible to all parties that interact with it or those that are affected by the firms’ quest on achieving its set objectives (Freeman et al 2010). As a result, corporate are said to be socially responsible to their stakeholders, that is, the suppliers, employees, clients, shareholders, interest groups and the government among other industry actors they are directly or indirectly involved with. It has been noted that stakeholders are important to corporations because the manner in which they are handled determines their feedback (Gregg 2001). For instance, when they get more in terms of value or extra